Cognitive Function in Aging: Spatial Memory and Autistic Traits

Recent findings from University College London (UCL) researchers confirm that spatial working memory in older adults remains consistent over time, regardless of autistic traits. This challenges long-standing assumptions about cognitive decline in neurodiverse populations and reshapes how cognitive aging is approached in clinical practice.

This study, based on data from over 10,000 adults aged 50 and above enrolled in the PROTECT longitudinal study, tracked participants’ spatial working memory performance over seven years. Researchers found no meaningful differences in cognitive trajectories between neurotypical individuals and those with high levels of autistic traits. These findings provide robust evidence that autistic traits do not accelerate age-related decline in this critical cognitive domain.

Spatial working memory—essential for organizing information, navigating spaces, and performing daily tasks—has traditionally been considered vulnerable to aging. However, the UCL-led analysis using growth mixture modeling revealed that cognitive performance remained stable regardless of neurodiversity. This supports the continued use of standard cognitive assessment tools without the need for adjustment based on autistic traits, an insight particularly relevant to professionals in geriatrics, neurology, and mental health.

By highlighting the resilience of spatial working memory in older adults, the study empowers clinicians to rely on established cognitive evaluations for diverse patient populations. This consistency is encouraging for both healthcare providers and aging individuals, affirming that cognitive aging does not necessarily differ across neurotypical and autistic trait groups.

Beyond validating current assessment tools, the findings also encourage further exploration into other cognitive domains to determine whether similar stability exists. Understanding these patterns may lead to more refined screening protocols and targeted interventions, supporting healthy cognitive aging and better individualized care.

Ultimately, this research redefines expectations around neurodiversity and cognitive aging. It reinforces the idea that autistic traits do not inherently lead to earlier or more severe memory decline, offering a more inclusive and evidence-based approach to cognitive health in later life. Integrating these findings into regular assessments will help clinicians ensure that care for older adults remains both accurate and equitable.