C5a Receptor Inhibition With Avacopan: A Novel Treatment Approach for ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a driver of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This deficiency is also an important factor in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), which encompasses mineral, bone, and calcific cardiovascular abnormalities. This animation illustrates the progression of SHPT in patients with CKD as well as the benefits and drawbacks of the various vitamin D forms that are available to restore 25-OH vitamin D levels in patients with stages 3 and 4 non-dialysis CKD.