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Dr. Barry J. Marshall is an Australian physician and professor of clinical microbiology at the University of Western Australia (UWA). He is well-known for proving that the bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the cause of most stomach ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine which held that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid.

Dr. Marshall completed his undergraduate medical degree at UWA in 1974. He met Robin Warren, a pathologist interested in gastritis, during internal medicine fellowship training at Royal Perth Hospital in 1981. Together, the pair studied the presence of spiral bacteria in association with gastritis. The following year, they performed the initial culture of H. pylori and developed their hypothesis related to the bacterial cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.

The H. pylori theory was ridiculed by the establishment scientists and doctors, who did not believe that bacteria could live in the acidic stomach. To force people to pay attention to this theory, Dr. Marshall drank a petri-dish of the bacteria and soon developed gastritis. The bacteria disappeared after two weeks and the illness resolved spontaneously with the aid of antibiotics. In 1984, while at Fremantle Hospital, Dr. Marshall fulfilled Koch's postulates for H. pylori and gastritis. Following that, he did research at the University of Virginia, before returning to Australia in 1997. He held a Burnet Fellowship at the University of Western Australia from 1998 to 2003.

In 2005, the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr. Marshall and his long-time collaborator, Dr. Warren, "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease." Dr. Marshall continues research related to H. pylori and runs a molecular biology lab at UWA.