REDUCE-IT and Other Recent OM3 Clinical Trials

• Icosapent ethyl following acute coronary syndrome: the REDUCE-IT trial
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  Neila Sayah, Deepak L Bhatt, Michael Miller, Eliot A Brinton, Terry A Jacobson, Steven B Ketchum, Lixia Jiao, Armando Lira Pineda, Ralph T Doyle, Jean Claude Tardif, Christie M Ballantyne, Ph Gabriel Steg, On behalf of the REDUCE-IT Investigators, Icosapent ethyl following acute coronary syndrome: the REDUCE-IT trial, European Heart Journal , 2024; ehad889, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad889

• Benefits of Icosapent Ethyl Across the Range of Kidney Function in Patients With Established Cardiovascular Disease or Diabetes: REDUCE-IT RENAL
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  Majithia A, Bhatt DL, Friedman AN, et al. icosapent ethyl across the range of kidney function in patients with established cardiovascular disease or diabetes: REDUCE-IT RENAL. Circulation . 2021;144(22):1750-1759.

• Prescription ω-3 Therapy to Reduce Triglyceride Levels-A New Horizon for Cost-effective Therapy
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  Mozaffarian D. Prescription ω-3 therapy to reduce triglyceride levels–a new horizon for cost-effective therapy. JAMA Netw Open . 2022;5(2):e2148191.

• Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG
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  Verma S, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, et al. Icosapent ethyl reduces ischemic events in patients with a history of previous coronary artery bypass grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG. Circulation . 2021;144(23):1845-1855.

• Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia
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  Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med . 2019;380(1):11-22.

• Reduction in first and total ischemic events with icosapent ethyl across baseline triglyceride tertiles
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  Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, et al. Reduction in first and total ischemic events with icosapent ethyl across baseline triglyceride tertiles. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2019;74(8):1159-1161.

• Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality With Icosapent Ethyl in Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction
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  Gaba P, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, et al. Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality With Icosapent Ethyl in Patients With Prior Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2022;79(17):1660-1671.

• Consistency of Benefit of Icosapent Ethyl by Background Statin Type in REDUCE-IT
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  Singh N, Bhatt DL, Miller M, et al. Consistency of Benefit of Icosapent Ethyl by Background Statin Type in REDUCE-IT. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2022;79(2):220-222.

• OMEMI
• Effects of n-3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Elderly Patients After Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
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  Kalstad AA, Myhre PL, Laake K, et al. Effects of n-3 atty acid supplements in elderly patients after myocardial infarction: a randomized, controlled trial. Circulation . 2021;143(6):528-539.

• STRENGTH
• Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial
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  Nicholls SJ, Lincoff AM, Garcia M, et al. Effect of high-dose omega-3 fatty acids vs corn oil on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients at high cardiovascular risk: the STRENGTH randomized clinical trial. JAMA . 2020;324(22):2268-2280.

• VITAL
• Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial
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  Hahn J, Cook NR, Alexander EK, et al. Vitamin D and marine omega 3 fatty acid supplementation and incident autoimmune disease: VITAL randomized controlled trial. BMJ . 2022;376:e066452.

• JELIS
• Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis
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  Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet . Mar 31 2007;369(9567):1090–1098.

OM3 Meta-analysis papers

• Associations of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement Use With Cardiovascular Disease Risks: Meta-analysis of 10 Trials Involving 77 917 Individuals
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  Aung T, Halsey J, Kromhout D, et al. Associations of omega-3 fatty acid supplement use with cardiovascular disease risks: meta-analysis of 10 trials involving 77 917 individuals. JAMA Cardiol (2018);3(3):225-234.

• Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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  Khan SU, Lone AN, Khan MS, et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine . 2021;38:100997. Published 2021 Jul 8. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100997

• Marine omega-3 supplementation and cardiovascular disease: an updated meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials involving 127 477 participants
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  Hu Y, Hu FB, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 supplementation and cardiovascular disease: an updated meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials involving 127 477 participants. J Am Heart Assoc . 2019;8(19):e013543.

• Dose-Dependent Risk Reduction for Myocardial Infarction with Eicosapentaenoic Acid: a Meta-analysis and Meta-regression Including the STRENGTH Trial
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  Sarajlic P, Artiach G, Larsson SC, Bäck M. Dose-dependent risk reduction for myocardial infarction with eicosapentaenoic acid: a meta-analysis and meta-regression including the STRENGTH trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther . 2021;35(5):1079-1081.

OM3 Editorial and Reviews

• A Fishy Topic: VITAL, REDUCE-IT, STRENGTH, and Beyond: Putting Omega-3 Fatty Acids into Practice in 2021
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  Iqbal T, Miller M. A fishy topic: VITAL, REDUCE-IT, STRENGTH, and beyond: putting omega-3 fatty acids into practice in 2021. Curr Cardiol Rep . 2021;23(8):111.

• Icosapent ethyl: safely reducing cardiovascular risk in adults with elevated triglycerides.
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  Pareek M, Mason RP, Bhatt DL. Icosapent ethyl: safely reducing cardiovascular risk in adults with elevated triglycerides. Expert Opin Drug Saf . 2022;21(1):31-42.

• Update on the omega-3 fatty acid trial landscape: A narrative review with implications for primary prevention
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  Kapoor K, Alfaddagh A, Stone NJ, Blumenthal RS. Update on the omega-3 fatty acid trial landscape: a narrative review with implications for primary prevention. J Clin Lipidol . 2021;15(4):545-555.

• Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: What Matters Most: the Drug, the Dose, or the Placebo?
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  Sharma G, Martin SS, Blumenthal RS. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on major adverse cardiovascular events: what matters most: the drug, the dose, or the placebo? JAMA . 2020;324(22):2262-2264.

• Investigating contrasting results in REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH: partial answers but questions remain
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  Maki KC. Investigating contrasting results in REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH: partial answers but questions remain. Eur Heart J . 2021;42(47):4818-4820.

• Triglyceride-lowering and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction
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  Liu QK. Triglyceride-lowering and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. J Clin Lipidol . 2021;15(4):556-568.

• Controversies in the Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Prevent Atherosclerosis
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  Quispe, R, Alfaddagh A, Kazzi B et al. Controversies in the use of omega-3 fatty acids to prevent atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep . Published online April 30, 2022. doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01031-9

Global Video Programs & Slide Sets

• Videos
• Preston Mason Mechanism of Action Video
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  Mason RP. Contrasting effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cell membrane structure. 2022.

• The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
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  Reduce It video

• Slide Sets
• 2022 Pri-Med National Meeting April
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  Evaluating the Latest Evidence in ASCVD Risk Reduction: Experts Tell All

• MOA Slide Resource
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  Mason RP. MOA slide resource.

OM3 Imaging papers

• Effect of icosapent ethyl on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides on statin therapy: final results of the EVAPORATE trial
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  Budoff MJ, Bhatt DL, Kinninger A, et al. Effect of icosapent ethyl on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides on statin therapy: final results of the EVAPORATE trial. Eur Heart J . 2020;41(40):3925-3932.

• Combination therapy of eicosapentaenoic acid and pitavastatin for coronary plaque regression evaluated by integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasonography (CHERRY study)-rationale and design
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  Watanabe T, Miyamoto T, Miyasita T, et al. Combination therapy of eicosapentaenoic acid and pitavastatin for coronary plaque regression evaluated by integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasonography (CHERRY study)-rationale and design. J Cardiol . 2014;64(3):236-239.

• Stabilizing effect of combined eicosapentaenoic acid and statin therapy on coronary thin-cap fibroatheroma
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  Nishio R, Shinke T, Otake H, et al. Stabilizing effect of combined eicosapentaenoic acid and statin therapy on coronary thin-cap fibroatheroma. Atherosclerosis . 2014;234(1):114-119.

• Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Added to Statin Therapy on Coronary Artery Plaque in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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  Alfaddagh A, Elajami TK, Ashfaque H, Saleh M, Bistrian BR, Welty FK. Effect of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids added to statin therapy on coronary artery plaque in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Heart Assoc . 2017;6(12):e006981.

• Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Coronary Plaque Morphology - A Serial Computed Tomography Angiography Study
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  Motoyama S, Nagahara Y, Sarai M, et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary plaque morphology – a serial computed tomography angiography study. Circ J . 2022;86(5):831-842.

• Can pleiotropic effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) impact residual cardiovascular risk?
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  Nelson JR, True WS, Le V, Mason RP. Can pleiotropic effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) impact residual cardiovascular risk?. Postgrad Med . 2017;129(8):822-827.

• CAC for Risk Stratification Among Individuals With Hypertriglyceridemia Free of Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
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  Cainzos-Achirica M, Quispe R, Dudum R, et al. CAC for risk stratification among individuals with hypertriglyceridemia free of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging . 2022;15(4):641-651.

Guidelines and Scientific Statements

• 2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of ASCVD Risk Reduction in Patients With Persistent Hypertriglyceridemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee
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  Virani SS, Morris PB, Agarwala A, et al. 2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Management of ASCVD Risk Reduction in Patients With Persistent Hypertriglyceridemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2021;78(9):960-993.

• Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
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  Joseph JJ, Deedwania P, Acharya T, et al. Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2022;145(9):e722-e759.

• Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
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  Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2022 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2022;145(8):e153-e639.

• Use of Lipid-Lowering Therapies Over 2 Years in GOULD, a Registry of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the US
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  Cannon CP, de Lemos JA, Rosenson RS, et al. Use of lipid-lowering therapies over 2 years in GOULD, a registry of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the US. JAMA Cardiol . 2021;6(9):1-9.

• Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
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  Miller M, Stone NJ, Ballantyne C, et al. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2011;123(20):2292-2333.

• AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
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  Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines [published correction appears in Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1182-e1186]. Circulation . 2019;139(25):e1082-e1143.

• Clinical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
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  Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, et al. Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2020;141(19):e779-e806.

• Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish Oil) Supplementation and the Prevention of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
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  Siscovick DS, Barringer TA, Fretts AM, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (fish oil) supplementation and the prevention of clinical cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2017;135(15):e867-e884.

• National Lipid Association Scientific Statement on the use of icosapent ethyl in statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides and high or very-high ASCVD risk
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  Orringer CE, Jacobson TA, Maki KC. National Lipid Association Scientific Statement on the use of icosapent ethyl in statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides and high or very-high ASCVD risk. J Clin Lipidol . 2019;13(6):860-872.

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association
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  Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PWF, Harris WS, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for the management of hypertriglyceridemia: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation . 2019;140(12):e673-e691.

• Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society
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  Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J . 2021;42(47):4791-4806.

• Management of Dyslipidemia for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: Synopsis of the 2020 Updated U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline
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  O'Malley PG, Arnold MJ, Kelley C, et al. Management of dyslipidemia for cardiovascular disease risk reduction: synopsis of the 2020 updated U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med . 2020;173(10):822-829.

• 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
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  Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association [published correction appears in Stroke . 2021 Jul;52(7):e483-e484]. Stroke . 2021;52(7):e364-e467.

• The 2021 AHA/ACC/SCAI Coronary Artery Revascularization Recommendations
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  Cardoso R, Abovich A, Boden W, Arbab-Zadeh A, Blankstein R, Blumenthal RS. The 2021 AHA/ACC/SCAI coronary artery revascularization recommendations: need for emphasis on prevention and future considerations. JACC Adv . 2022;1(1):1-5.

Additional OM3 Papers

• OM3 Mechanism of Action
• New Insights into Mechanisms of Action for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease
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  Mason RP. New insights into mechanisms of action for omega-3 fatty acids in atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep . 2019;21(1):2. Published 2019 Jan 12.

• Emerging Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Protection for the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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  Mason RP, Libby P, Bhatt DL. Emerging mechanisms of cardiovascular protection for the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 2020;40(5):1135-1147.

• Cost-Effectiveness and Practical Use of IPE
• Cost-effectiveness of Icosapent Ethyl for High-risk Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia Despite Statin Treatment
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  Weintraub WS, Bhatt DL, Zhang Z, et al. Cost-effectiveness of icosapent ethyl for high-risk patients with hypertriglyceridemia despite statin treatment. JAMA Netw Open . 2022;5(2):e2148172.

• Reducing residual cardiovascular risk in Europe: Therapeutic implications of European medicines agency approval of icosapent ethyl/eicosapentaenoic acid
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  Chapman MJ, Zamorano JL, Parhofer KG. Reducing residual cardiovascular risk in Europe: Therapeutic implications of European medicines agency approval of icosapent ethyl/eicosapentaenoic acid. Pharmacol Ther . 2022;237:108172.

• Omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention: A practice tool for pharmacists
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  Barry AR, Bishop KE, Pearson GJ, Koshman SL. Omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention: A practice tool for pharmacists. Can Pharm J (Ott) . 2022;155(3):169-174.